12/14/2022 0 Comments Cognitive speediness definition![]() ![]() With an increasing ageing population, cognitive ageing researchers are prioritising exploration of these lifestyle factors as they may provide a pathway to interventions to prevent cognitive decline or maintain cognitive function in older adults. ![]() Evidence suggests that cognitive function in older adults may be affected by modifiable risk and protective factors including smoking, poor diet, levels of physical activity, cognitive stimulation and social relationships. Although changes in cognitive function such as processing speed, episodic memory and executive functions are typical with normative cognitive ageing, cognitive decline is not a part of healthy ageing. Systematic review registrationĬognitive functioning plays an important role in determining functional abilities, quality of life and independence in older adults. Implications of the findings are discussed and suggestions for future research provided. The results support prior conclusions that there is an association between social relationships and cognitive function but the exact nature of this association remains unclear. Evidence suggests a relationship between (1) social activity and global cognition and overall executive functioning, working memory, visuospatial abilities and processing speed but not episodic memory, verbal fluency, reasoning or attention (2) social networks and global cognition but not episodic memory, attention or processing speed (3) social support and global cognition and episodic memory but not attention or processing speed and (4) CMSR and episodic memory and verbal fluency but not global cognition. Thirty-nine studies were included in the review three RCTs, 34 observational studies, and two genetic studies. The primary outcome of interest was cognitive function divided into domains of episodic memory, semantic memory, overall memory ability, working memory, verbal fluency, reasoning, attention, processing speed, visuospatial abilities, overall executive functioning and global cognition. Independent variables of interest included subjective measures of social activities, social networks, and social support, and composite measures of social relationships (CMSR). We followed PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis) guidelines, and collated data from randomised controlled trials (RCTs), genetic and observational studies. ![]() In the current systematic review, we offer a comprehensive overview of the impact of social activities, social networks and social support on the cognitive functioning of healthy older adults (50+) and examine the differential effects of aspects of social relationships on various cognitive domains. These social factors have been shown to positively impact health outcomes. The policeman said that I had been speeding.Social relationships, which are contingent on access to social networks, promote engagement in social activities and provide access to social support. ( past tense, past participle ˈspeeded) to drive very fast in a car etc, faster than is allowed by law. ![]()
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